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¡@¡@¦b¶ï¥»±Ò²»µ¥¤H©Ò½sªº¡m±ë»y¦ò¨åÇU¬ã¨s. ¢»¡n¡]¨Ê³£¡G¥­¼Ö¦x®Ñ©±¡A1990¡^¤@®Ñ¸Ì¡AÃö©ó¤¤Æ[½×®Ñªº³¡¥÷¡A½sªÌ¨Ìªì¡B¤¤¡B±ß¤T´Á¸Ô²Ó¦a¦CÁ|¤F¦U­Ó¤¤Æ[½×®vªºµÛ§@¡A¨Ã¥B¹ï©ó¨C³¡½×®Ñªº¥D­n¤º®e¥H¤Î·í¥Nªº¬ã¨s±¡§Î¡]¥]¬A¤F®Õ­q¡B½Ķ»P¬ã¨s¡^³£°µ¤F¬Û·í¸ÔºÉªº¤¶²Ð»P»¡©ú¡A¸Ó®Ñ¡u¤¤Æ[½×®Ñ¡vªº³¡¥÷¥i¥H¬Ý¦¨¬OD. S. Ruegg's, The Literature of the Madhyamaka School of Philosophy in Indiaªº¤é»y¼W­qª©¡A·íµM¹ï©óªì¤J¦¹¾Çªº¬ã¨sªÌ¨Ó»¡¡A¤G¦Ê¾l­¶ªº½g´T¬O¬Û·íÀ~¤Hªº¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¤]¨S¦³±qÀYŪ¨ì§Àªº¥²­n¡A¦ý¬O­Y¯à¥ý³Æ¸m¦b¤â¥H¬°¤é«á¬ã¨s®Éªº°Ñ¦Ò«ü«n¡A«h¥»®Ñ³ôºÙ¬O¬ã¨s¤¤Æ[¦ò±Ð¥²³Æªº¤u¨ã®Ñ¡C§Ú­Ì¦¹³B¨Ã¤£¥´ºâ¥þ­±¦a¤¶²Ð¤¤Æ[¾Ç¬£ªº¤åÄm¡A¦Ó¥u·Ç³Æ¥HÀs¾ðªºµÛ§@¬°¤¤¤ß¨Ó¤¶²Ð¤@¨Ç·í¥Nªº¬ÛÃö¬ã¨s¡C®Ú¾Ú¦èÂþǪ̪º¤ÀÃþ¡AÀs¾ð¦b¡uÅã±Ð¡v¤è­±ªºµÛ§@¥i¤À¬°¡u²`Æ[½×¡v»P¡u¼s¦æ½×¡v¨âÃþ¡]¦Ü©ó¦èÂä譱ªº¾ÇªÌ¹ï©óÀs¾ðµÛ§@ªº¬Ýªk¡A©Î¥i°Ñ¨£©å¤å¡qÂæa¾ÇªÌªºÀs¾ðµÛ§@Æ[¡r¡A¡m¿ÍÆ[Âø»x¡n¡A¤»¤Q¤C´Á¡]1991¡^¡A­¶256-91¡C¡^¡A¦Ó²`Æ[½×¤è­±ªºµÛ§@¡A³Ì¥D­nªº´N¬O©Ò¿×¡u¤­¡]¤»¡^¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¡A¥H¤U¥B¥ý¨Ó¤¶²ÐÀs¾ð¦³Ãö²`Æ[¤@ÃþªºµÛ§@¡G

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¡@¡@¥»®Ñ±ëº~ÂäT¥»¬Ò¦s¡C´N¤¤¡Aº~Ķ¦³¤T¡AÂÃĶ¦³¤­¡]¨Ì¤éÄy¾ÇªÌ¤s¤f¯qªº¬ã¨s¡M³o¤­ºØĶ¥»¹ê¥]¬A¤F¨â¨t¤£¦Pªº»w¥»¡^¡C¦Ü©ó¥]§t¦b³o¨Çª©¥»¸Ìªº¡m¤¤½×¡n¥»¹|¡A¥Ø«e¤w¥Ñ¤TªK¥RþR¥[¥H·J½s¦¨®Ñ¡J

64. ¤TªK¥R¼w½sĶ¡A¡m¤¤½×ÔU¹|Á`Äý¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G²Ä¤T¤å©úªÀ¡A1985¡C

¡@¡@¤TªK¦¹®Ñ°£¤F¸ü¦³Poussin»Pde Jong¤G¤Hªº±ë¤å®Õ­q¥»¥~¡A¨Ã¥B¤]³v¹|ªþ¤W¤FÂÃĶ¤­¥»¸Ìªº¨â¨tĶ¤å¥H¤Î¤T­Óº~Ķ¥»ªºÄ¶¤å¥H¸ê¹ï·Ó¡A¦Ó¹ï©ó³o¨Ç±ëº~Â꺹|¤å¡A¤TªK¤]¦P®É§â¥¦­ÌÂàĶ¦¨¤é¤å¡C¦¹¥~¡A³o¥»¤¤½×ÔU¹|¤j¥þÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó»á¨ã°Ñ¦Ò»ù­Èªºªþ¿ý¡A¥ç§Yº~Ķ¤T¥»ªºÔU¹|¹ï·Óªí¡CÁ`¤§¡A¤TªK¦¹®Ñ¤D¬O¬ã¨s¡m®Ú¥»¤¤¹|¡n¤£¥i©Î¯Êªº¸ê®Æ®Ñ¡C

¡@¡@¦Ü©ó²{¤µ¥i¨£ªº±ë¤å®Õ­q¥»¡A«h¦³¥H¤U¤TºØ¡J

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¡@¡@Poussinªº®Õ­q¥»©ó¸}µù¤¤ÀH¤åªþ¦³¥_¨Êª©ªºÂÃĶ¤@ºØ¡Cde Jongªº®Õ­q¥»¡A«h¥¼¿ý¬Ô·qÔU¡CÃö©ó¦¹¤T¥»¤§¶¡¦b½g¦W¤Wªº®t²§¡A¤å¦r¤Wªº¥X¤J¥H¤Î¦U½g¹|¤å¦b¼Æ¥Ø¤Wªº¤£¦P¡A¥i°Ñ¨£¥H¤U½Ñ®Ñ¡J

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¡@¡@¡A1984¡A¤W¥U¡A­¶35-46¡C

¡@¡@Lindtner«e´¦¤§Nagarjuniana¡A¬O¬ã¨sÀs¾ð­õ¾ÇªÌ¥²³Æªº¤@³¡µÛ§@¡C¸Ó®Ñ§@ªÌ¸g¥Ñ¼f·V¦Ò¹î¦Ó«ü»{¥X¤Q¤T³¡½×®Ñ¬OÀs¾ð©Ò³y¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¦¹®Ñ¤¤¡A§@ªÌ§â³o¡u¤Q¤T³¡½×®Ñ¡v¤¤ªº¤C³¡¡A©Î´N±ë¤å­ì¨å¡A©Î±qÂäåĶ¥»¥[¥H®Õ­q¡A¨ÃÂàĶ¦¨­^¤å¡C¤TªK¤§®Ñ¬O±NĶ¦Û¹§¼¯Ã¹¤°ªº¡m¤¤½×¡nÂàĶ¬°¤é»y¡]¤£ª¾¦ó¬G¡Aªñ¦~¨Ó¡m¤¤½×¡E«C¥ØÄÀ¡nªº²{¥N»yĶ¬ðµM¼öªù¤F°_¨Ó¡^¡A¸Ó®Ñªº¸ÑÃD¡]¤W¥U¡A­¶4-65¡^¡A¬Û·í­È±o¤@Ū¡C¥t¥~¡A¦¹®Ñ¨Ãªþ¦³Poussin¥»»Pde Jong¥»ªº±ë¤å­ì¨å¡C

¡@¡@¦Ü©ó²{¤µ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ìªº­^¤å¥þĶ¥»¡A«h¦³¤U¦C¼ÆºØ¡]´N¤¤¡A°£GarfieldªºÄ¶¥»¬OÂàĶ¦ÛÂÃ¥»¥~¡A¨ä¾l½ÑĶ¬Ò¥HPoussin¥»¬°©³¥»¦ÓĶ¦¨¡^¡J

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¡@¡@¦ò±ÐÇU¦¨¥ß¥vªº¬ã¨s¡Eªþ¿ý¤G¡n ¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤T¬Ù°ó¡A1954¡C
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79. Áú§Ê³ÇÄÀĶ¡A¡q¤¤½×¡r¡A¡m¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¸g¨åÄ_Âúë¿ï¥Õ¸Üª©. 10¡n¡A¦ò¥ú¤s©v°È©e
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¡@¡@¨ä¦¸¡A§@ªÌ§â¡u§Ú½]­ºÂ§¦ò¡A½Ñ»¡¤¤²Ä¤@¡vĶ¸Ñ¬°¡uÆg¼Û¦òªû´£¥Xªº¡y¤K¤£¤¤¹D¡zªº»¡ªk¡A¦ÓÅA¤§¬°ºØºØ¤£¦Pªº»¡ªk¤¤³ÌÀu³Óªº¤@ºØ»¡ªk¡v¡A«h§ó¬O»~¸Ñ¤F¹|¤å¤§¸q¡A¦¹¤¤Às¾ð©ÒÆg¼Ûªº¨Ã¤£¬O¡u¦òªû©Ò»¡ªºªk¡v¦Ó¬O¡u¦òªû¡v¡]³o¤@ÂI¦b±ë¤å­ì¸Ö¹|ªº»yªkµ²ºc¸Ì¨ä¹ê¬O«Ü²M·¡ªº¡^¡C§@ªÌ¥H¤Wªº¡u»~Ū¡v¡A­Y¯à¦bª©¥»¤W¨Ì¥Î¤º¾Ç°|¥Z¦æªº¡uÂín¥»¡v¡A¨Ã¥B¯u¥¿³v¥y³v¦r¦a°Ñ·Ó±ë¥»©ÎÂÃĶ¡AÀ³·í¬O¥i¥HÁקKªº¡C§@ªÌ¥»¤H¦b¦Û§Ç¸Ì¤]½Í¨ì¥L§Æ±æ¤é«á¦³¾÷·|¯à¦A§Ë¤@³¡¥H¤åÄm¾Ç¬°¥Dªº¡m¤¤½×¡n¸ÑŪ¡A§Ú­Ì¦Ü¬ß¦¹®Ñ¦­¤é°Ý¥@¡A¦Ó¯àÅý§Ú­Ì¦b¤@­Ó§ó¬°°í¹êªº°ò¦¤W¨ÓµÛ¤â­õ¾Çªº¸ÑŪ¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b§@ªÌ¥æ«Ý¡m¤¤½×¡n­^¤åĶ¥»ªº¦a¤è¡A¥L©Ò¦CÁ|ªº²Ä¤T®Ñ¡GJ. W. de Jong¡ANagarjuna¡AMulamadhyamakakarikah¡C³o¤@ÂI¥u©È¬O§@ªÌ°O¾Ð¦³»~¡A¦]¬°de Jong¦¹®Ñ¨Ã¤£¬O­^¤åĶ¥»¦Ó¬O¤@­Ó·sªº±ë¤å®Õ­q¥»¡CÁöµM§d®Ñ¦b©³¥»ªº¿ï¨ú¤W¨Ã¤£©ú´¼¡A¨Ã¥B¦b­Y¤z¤å¥yªº¸ÑŪ¤W¤]¦³¤£¤Ö·å²«¡A¦ý¥¿¦p¨ä®Ñ¦W©Ò¼ÐÁ|ªº¡A¥»®Ñ¬O¥H¸q²z¤ÀªR¨£ªø¡A¦Ó¥¦¤´¬O¥Ø«eº~»y¥@¬É¸ÌÄ~¦L¦ÑÁ¿°O¤§«á¡A°ß¤@ªº¤@¥»¡m¤¤Æ[½×¹|¡nªº¸ÑÄÀ®Ñ¡C´N¦¹¦Ó¨¥¡A¥»®Ñªº¥Xª©¥ç¦Û¦³»ù­È¡A¥¦Åýº~»y¾Ç¬É¦b³o¤@¤è­±¤£­P©ó¦b¥b­Ó¥@¬ö¤§«á¤´µMú¤F¥Õ¨÷¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¦L¦ÑªºÁ¿°O¤§¥~¡AÅý§Ú­Ì¦h¤F¤@±øÁͤJ¤¤Æ[¸q²z¤j®üªºªù®|¡C

¡@¡@¡m¤¤Æ[½×¹|¡n¬OÀs¾ð³Ì­«­nªº§@«~¡A¦Ó·í¥N¦³Ãö¤¤Æ[¾Çªº¬ã¨s³£¬OÀô¶µÛ³o¥»µÛ§@¦Ó®i¶}ªº¡A¥H¤W§Ú­Ì¤¶²Ð¤F¦³Ãö¦¹®Ñªº±ë¤å­ì¨å©MÂáBº~¦UºØĶ¥»¡A¨Ã¥B¤]½Í¨ì¤F¬ã¨s¦¹®Ñ¤£¥i©Î¯Êªº¤@¨Ç¤u¨ã®Ñ¥H¤Î·í¥N¤H©Ò§@ªº¤@¨ÇĶ¥»»PÁ¿Åª¤§Ãþªº§@«~¡C³o¨ÇµÛ§@³£ÄÝ©ó¤ñ¸û¥þ­±©Êªº¡A¦Ü©ó´²¨£©ó¦UºØ´Á¥Z©Î±M®Ñ¸Ì¦³Ãö¡m¤¤½×¡n¦U«~ªº¿W¥ß¬ã¨s¡A¨ä¹ê¤]À³¸Ó¾¨¥i¯à»`ù¦b¤âÃä¡A¥H«K©ó¦b¬ãŪ¦U«~¤§»Ú¯à°÷¦³¤ñ¸û¦h¤¸¦Ó²`¤Jªº²z¸Ñ¡C¨Ò¦p¦b¦³Ãö¡m¤¤½×¡E²Ä¤G«~¡nªº¿W¥ß¬ã¨s¡A¦Ü¤Ö´N¦³¥H¤U¼Æ½g½×¤å¥i±o¡J

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84. Wayman, A., "The Gait (gati) and the Path (marga) -- Reflections on
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¡]¤G¡^Sunyatasaptatikarika et Sunyatasaptativrtti¡FsTon pa nid bdun cu
¡@¡@¡@pahi tshig lehur byas pa et sTon pa nid bdun cu pahi hgrel pa¡F¡m¤C
¡@¡@¡@¤QªÅ©Ê½×¹|¡net¡m¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×ÄÀ¡n

¡@¡@¦¹½×ªº¹|¤å¥»¬O¥Ñ¤C¤Q¤T­º¸Ö¹|ºc¦¨¡A¦Ó¦b¦èÂäjÂøg¤¤Æ[³¡¸Ì¨Ã¥BÁÙ«O¦s¤F¤@³¡¸p¦W¬°Às¾ð¥»¤H©Ò¼¶¼gªºªø¦æµùÄÀ¥»¡AÁöµM¦¹½×·í¦~¨Ã¥¼¶Ç¤J¤¤¤g¡A¦ý¬O¦b¡m¤Q¤Gªù½×¡n¸Ì«o´¿´£¤Î¦¹½×ªº¦WºÙ¨Ã¤Þ¥Î¤F¨ä¤¤¤@­ºÔU¹|¡A¦Ó¤ëºÙµ¥¤H¤]»{¬°¦¹½×¡]¦Ü¤Ö¹|¤å³¡¥÷¡^¬OÀs¾ð©Ò³y¡A¨Ã¥B¤ëºÙ§ó»{¬°¦¹¤@½×®Ñ¤D¬O¡m¤¤½×¡D²Ä¤C«~¡n²Ä¤T¤Q¥|¹|ªºªþ½×¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤£½×¬O¹|¤å¥»©ÎÀs¾ðªº¦Ûµù¥»¡A¤GªÌ¬ÒµL±ë¤å­ì¨å¦s¥@¡A¦Ó¦ý¦³ÂäåĶ¥»¦Ó¤w¡C²{¤µ¥i¨£¤§ÂÃĶ¹|¤åªº®Õ­q¥»¦³¤T¡A¦ÓÀs¾ð¦Ûµùªº®Õ­q¥»¦³¤G¡C¹|¤å®Õ­q¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

87. ¤s¤f¯qµÛ¡A¡qÀs¾ð³y¤C¤QªÅ©ÊÔUÇR¹ïÇ@Çr¤åÄm¾Çªº¬ã¨s¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J¡m¤s¤f¯q¦ò±Ð
¡@¡@¾Ç¤å¶°. ¤W¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¬K¬îªÀ¡A1972¡A­¶5-118¡C
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¡@¡@¤s¤f¯qªº®Õ­q¥»ªþ¦³¤éĶ¡A88¡ã90ªº®Õ­q¥»¤]¦P®Éªþ¦³­^Ķ¡M¦Ó90¨Ãªþ¦³Ä¶ªÌ±q¾Ç©ó¦â©Ô¦x¾Ç°Ý¹¬Geshe Sonam Rinchen®É¡M®æ¦è¬°Ä¶ªÌÁ¿¸Ñ¦¹½×ªºÁ¿°O¤§­^Ķ¡]«ö¡R90¦³¤@¤¤¤åĶ¥»°Ý¥@¡MµM¦Ó©Î³\¬OĶªÌªì¹Á¦¹ÃþµÛ§@ªºÂ½Ä¶¡M¬G¦ÓĶµ§¥ÍÀߤ§³B»á¦h¡M¦Ó¥B¥Ñ©óĶªÌ¹ï¦ò¾Ç­^¤å¸Ìªº¯S¦³µü·J¤£¬Æ¤F¸Ñ¡M¬G¦Ó¥ç®É¦³»~Ķ¡M¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì¨Ã¤£¥´ºâ¦b¦¹±ÀÂ˦¹¤@Ķ¥»¡^¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b«e´¦73ªºµÛ§@¸Ì¥ç¦¬¦³Às¾ð¦¹½×ªº­^Ķ¡]pp. 140-48¡^¡C¦Ü©óÂÃĶÀs¾ð¦Ûµù¥»ªº®Õ­q¡A«h¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

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¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A92ªº®Õ­q¥»¦P®Éªþ¦³ÂàĶ¦ÛÂÃ¥»ªº±ë¤åÁÙ­ìĶ¡C¦Ü©óÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº¤¤Ä¶¡A«h¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

93. ªk´Lªk®vĶ¡F¥°´d¬ìÄá¡A¡q¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×¬ìÄá¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J¡m²{¥N¦ò±Ð¾Ç³NÂO¥Z. 78
¡@¡@¡G¦èÂæò±Ð±Ð¸q½×¶°. ¤G¡n¡A­¶159-91¡C
94. ·¨¥Õ¦çµÛ¡A¡qÀs¾ð¡m¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×¡n¤§¬ã¨s¡r¡A¡m¦ò¥ú¾Ç³ø¡n¡A²Ä¥|´Á¡]¥Á68¦~¡^
¡@¡@¡A­¶1-35¡C

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A93¬OĶ¦ÛÂÃĶµùÄÀ¥»¡A¦Ó94«h¬OÂàĶ¦Û¤s¤f¯q»P¥Ê¥Í¬z¶©¯uªº¤éĶ¥»¡CÃö©ó¥»½×ªº¬ã¨s¡A°£«e­z87¡ã94¤§¥~¡A¥t¦³¡J

95. ¥Ê¥Í¬z¶©¯uµÛ¡A¡qÇÆ¢wǨ¢wÇçÇ´ÇáÇÆÇUªÅ«ä·QÇRÆðÆ÷Çr·N¸q ¢w ÇOÆõÇR¡mªÅ¤C¤Q
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¡]¤T¡^Yuktisastikakarika¡FRigs pa drug cu pahi tshig lehur byas pa¡F¡m¤»¤Q
¡@¡@¡@¹|¦p²z½×¡n

¡@¡@Às¾ð¦¹½×¬O¥Ñ¤@­º½×«eªº¡u¬Ô·qÔU¡v¥t¥[¤»¤Q­º¸Ö¹|©Òºc¦¨¡A°£­Y¤zÂ_¤ù³Q¨ä¥¦½×®Ñ©Ò¤Þ¥Î¦Ó«O¦s¤F¨ä±ë¤å§Î¦¡¤§¥~¡]¤j¬ù¬°¥þ®Ñªº¤­¤À¤§¤@¡^¡A¨ÃµL±ë¥»¦s¥@¡A¦ýÂáBº~¨âĶ­Ñ¦b¡CÂÃĶªº®Õ­q¥»¦³¤U¦C¼ÆºØ¡J

97. ¤s¤f¯qµÛ¡A¡qÀs¾ð³y¡m¤»¤Q¹|¦p²z½×¡nÇUµùÄÀªº¬ã¨s¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J¡m¤¤Æ[¦ò±Ð½×¦Ò
¡@¡@¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤s³ß©Ð¦ò®ÑªL¡A1965¡A­¶29-109¡C
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¡@¡@¤s¤f¯qªº®Õ­q¥»¦P®Éªþ¦³º~Ķ¹ï·Ó¥H¤Î¤éĶ¡A98»P99ªº®Õ­q¥»¬Òªþ¦³­^Ķ¡A¦Ó100ªº®Õ­q¥»«hªþ¦³ÂàĶ¦ÛÂÃ¥»ªº±ë¤åÁÙ­ìĶ¡CCristina Anna Scherrer-Schaubªº®Õ¥»¬O°t¦X¤F¤ëºÙª`ÄÀªº³Ì·s®Õ­q¡AÁöµM¦b¦èÂæò±Ðªº«e¥°®É´Á¡A¤ëºÙ¦¹®Ñ·~¤wĶ¤JÂæa¡A¦ý¬O¥¿¦p¾ÇªÌ©Ò«ü¥Xªº¡A³o³¡µÛ§@¹ï©ó¦¹¤@®É´ÁªºÂæa¤¤Æ[«ä·Q¨Ã¥¼µ¹¤©¥ô¦ó¹ê½èªº¼vÅT¡F¦ý¬O¡A­°¤Î¦èÂæò±Ðªº«á¥°®É´Á¡AÀHµÛ¤ëºÙ¤@¨t¤¤Æ[«ä·Qªº©ïÀY¡A¤ëºÙ³o¥»µùÄÀ®Ñ¤èÅDª@¬°¥D¾ÉÂæa¤¤Æ[«ä·Qªº­«­n¨åÄy¤§¤@¡C¤ëºÙ»{¬°Às¾ð¦¹½×¦³½×«eªº¡u¬Ô·qÔU¡v¡A¬G¦Ó»P¡m¤¤Æ[½×¹|¡n¤@¼Ë¡A¤GªÌ¬Ò¬O¥HÄÄ©ú¡u½t°_¡v¬°¤¤¤ßªº¿W¥ß½×®Ñ¡C¦³ÃöÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¡A°£«e­z97¡ã101¤§¥~¡A©|¦³¡J

102. ¥Ê¥Í¬z¶©¯uµÛ¡A¡q¡m¤»¤Q¹|¦p²z½×¡nÇU«ä·Q¡r¡A¦¬©ó«e´¦32ªº²Ä¤G³¹¡]­¶67-
¡@¡@ 206¡^¡C

¡]¥|¡^Vigrahavyavartanikarika et Vigrahavyavartanivrtti¡FrTsod pa bzlog
¡@¡@¡@pahi tshig lehur byas pa et rTsod pa bzlog pahi hgrel pa¡F¡m°j½Ø½×¹|
¡@¡@¡@¡net¡m°j½Ø½×ÄÀ¡n

¡@¡@Às¾ð¦¹½×°£¹|¤å¥»¥~¡A¥t¦³§@ªÌ¿Ë¼¶ªºªø¦æµùÄÀ¥»¡C¦b²{¦sªºÀs¾ðµÛ§@¸Ì¡A°£¡m¤¤Æ[½×¹|¡n¤§¥~¡A¥»®Ñ¬O°ß¤@«O¦³±ë¤å­ì¨åªºµÛ§@¡A¦ÓÀs¾ðªº´²¤å­·®æ¥ç¥i©ó¦¹½×¤¤¿s¨£¨ä¤@´³¡]¾ÚK. Bhattacharyaªº»¡ªk¡AÀs¾ðªº´²¤å­·®æªñ©ó¡m»yªk¤jµù¡nªº§@ªÌPatanjali¡^¡C¦¹½×¬O¥Ñ¤C¤Q­º¸Ö¹|¥t¥[¤@­º¡uµ²¹|¡v¦Ó¦¨¡A¦¹¤¤«e¤G¤Q­º¸Ö¹|³¯­z¤F²§½×ªÌ¹ï¡u¤@¤ÁªkªÅ¡v«ä·Qªº½èÃø¡A¦Ó¨ä«áªº¸Ö¹|«h¬OÀs¾ð¹ï³o¨Ç½èÃøªº¼á²M»PÅG¯}¡C®Ú¾Ú¤ëºÙªº»¡ªk¡AÀs¾ð¦¹½×»P¡m¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×¡n¤@¼Ë¡A¥Ñ©ó¤GªÌ¬Ò¥F½×«eªº¡u¬Ô·qÔU¡v¡A¬G¦Ó¨Ã«D¿W¥ßªº½×®Ñ¦Ó¬O¡m¤¤½×¡nªº¡uªþ½×¡v¡C¡m°j½Ø½×ÄÀ¡n±ë¡BÂáBº~¤T¥»­Ñ¦s¡A¦Ó¡m°j½Ø½×¹|¡n«h¦ý¥u¦s¦³ÂäåĶ¥»¡C¡m°j½Ø½×ÄÀ¡nªº±ë¤å®Õ­q¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

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¡@¡@Vaidyaªº®Õ­q¥»¡A°£¤@¤G³B¤§¥~¡A§¡¿ý¦Û103¡A¦Ó103ªº®Õ­q«h³Q¾Ç¬Éµû¬°¤£³ô¨Ï¥Îªº¥»¤l¡F¦Ü©ó 105ªº®Õ­q¥»¡A°£§ï­q¤@¤G³B¤§¥~¡A°ò¥»¤W¦P©ó104¡CJohnston»PKunst¤G¤H¦X®Õªº¥»¤l«h¬O¥Ø«e¾Ç¬É¤½»{ªº¼Ð·Ç¥»¡C¡m°j½Ø½×¹|¡nªº±ëÂùï®Õ¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

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¡@¡@¦Ü©ó¡m°j½Ø½×¹|¡nªº­^Ķ¥»¥i¨£¤§«e´¦70¡]pp. 221-27¡^¡A¦Ó±ë­^¹ï·Ó¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

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¡@¡@¡m°j½Ø½×ÄÀ¡nªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

110. Tucci, G., Pre-Divnaga Buddhist Texts on Logic from Chinese Sources,
¡@¡@ GOS, Vol.49, Baroda, 1929, pt.1, pp. 1-77.

¡@¡@TucciªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¦P®Éªþ¦³¨äÂàĶ¦Ûº~Ķ¡m°j½Ø½×¡nªº­^¤åĶ¥»¡ATucci¹ï³o­Óº~Ķ¥»¤lªºµû»ù·¥§C¡A¥L»{¬°­Y¤£ÂǧUÂÃ¥»¤§Ä¶¡A²ª½Ãø¥H¥¿½T²z¸Ñº~Ķ¥»³\¦hÀǬN¤£©ú¤§³B¡]°Ñ¨£¸Ó®Ñ pp. xii¡ãiii ¡^¡C¦¹¥~¡A¾Ú±x¤w¬Gªº©P²»¥ú¥ý¥Í¤]´¿±Nº~Ķ¡m°j½Ø½×¡nªº¹|¤å³¡¥÷ÂàĶ¬°­^¤å¡]Calcutta etc., Overseas Buddhist Chinese in India and Malaya, 1962¡^¡AµM¦Ó«e½ú¥ý¥Íªº¦¹¤@Ķ¤å¡Aµ§ªÌµL½t¨£¤Î¡C¦¹³¡½×®Ñ¹ï²z¸ÑÀs¾ð«ä·Qªº­«­n©Ê¡A«Ü¦­´N¬°¾Ç¬É©Ò»{ÃѨì¡F¦]¦¹¡A¦b±ë¤å­ì¨å©|¥¼´MÀò¤§»Ú¡]¸Ó®Ñªº±ë¤å­ì¨å1936¦~©ó¦èÂÃÁø¾|¦x¬°¦L¹¬R. Sankrityayanaµo²{¡A¨Ã©ó²Ý¦~®Õ­q¥Xª©¡A§Y«e´¦103¡^¡A¤s¤f¯q¤wµM¾ÚÂÃĶ¥»¦Ó±N¦¹½×ÂàĶ¬°ªk¤å¡J

111. Yamaguchi, S., "Traite de Nagarjuna, pour ecarter les vaines
¡@¡@ discussions [Vigraha-vyavartani, traduit et annote", JA, Vol.215 (
¡@¡@ 1929), pp. 1-86.

¡@¡@¦Ü©ó±ë¤å­ì¨åªº­^Ķ¡A«h¦³¡J

112. ¦P«e´¦105, pp. 42-175 (not seen)¡C
113. Bhattacharya, K., "The Dialectical Method of Nagarjuna (Translation
¡@¡@ of the Vigraha-vyavartani from the Original Sanskrit with
¡@¡@ Introduction and Notes", JIP, Vol.1 (1971), pp. 217-61.

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡ABhattacharyaªº­^Ķ¥»¡A¤é«á»P104ªº±ë¤å®Õ­q¥»¦X¥Z¦¨®Ñ¡A¨Ã©ó¸Ó®Ñªº¼W­qª©¤¤¡A¤S¦¬¤J105ªº±ë¤å®Õ­q¥»¡]in Devanagari Script¡^¡J 114. Bhattacharya, K. (tr.), and Johnston, E. H. et Kunst, A. (eds.), The
¡@¡@ Dialectical Method of Nagarjuna (Vigrahavyavartani), Motilal
¡@¡@ Banarsidass, First Edition 1978, Delhi : Second Edition, 1986.

¡@¡@¦³ÃöÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¡A°£«e´¦½Ñ¤å¤§¥~¡A©|¦³¡J

115. Oberhammer, G., "Ein Beitrag zu den Vada-Traditionen Indiens", WZKSO,
¡@¡@ Vol.7 (1963), pp. 63-103 (not seen)
116. Bhattacharya, K., "On the Relationship between Nagarjuna's
¡@¡@ Vigrahavyavartani and the Nyayasutras", JIES, Vol.5 (1977), pp.
¡@¡@ 265-73 (not seen).
117. Bhattacharya, K., "Some Notes on the Vigrahavyavartani", JIP, Vol.5
¡@¡@ (1978), pp. 237-41.
118. ¤s±T¦¸«ÛµÛ¡A¡q¤j­¼«ä·Q¦¨¥ßÇU³õÇRÆðÆ÷Çr½×²zÇU°ÝÃD¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J®c¥»¥¿´L½s
¡@¡@ ¡A¡m¤j­¼¦ò±ÐÇU¦¨¥ß¥vªº¬ã¨s¡n¡A²Ä¤T³¹¡E²Ä¤@¸`¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤T¬Ù°ó¡A1954¡A­¶
¡@¡@ 135-68¡C
119. ¤s¤f¯qµÛ¡A¡q°j½Ø½×ÇRÇKÆêÇM¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J¡m¤s¤f¯q¦ò±Ð¾Ç¤å¶°. ¤U¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G
¡@¡@ ¬K¬îªÀ¡A1973¡A­¶3-33¡C

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A115¡ã118½Ñ¤å¬Ò¶°¤¤©ó¬ã¨sÀs¾ð¦¹½×»P¡m¥¿²z¸g¡n¡]Nyayasutra¡^¡A¤D¦ÜÀs¾ð«ä·Q»P¥¿²z¾Ç¬£¡]Naiyayikas¡^¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¦Ó«e´¦57»P58¨â½g¥ÑM. Siderits©Ò¼¶ªº½×¤å«h¥HÀs¾ð¦¹½×¬°¤¤¤ß¦Ó§ó¬°²`¤J¦a±´°Q¤FÀs¾ð¹ï¥¿²z¾Ç¬£»{Ãѽתº§å§P¡CµM¦Ó¡AÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº½×¼Ä¬O§_§Y¬O¥¿²z¾Ç¬£¡A¾ÇªÌ¤§¶¡¤´¦³ª§½×¡]°Ñ¨£«e´¦68, pp. 71-2, n.110¡F¥t¥~¡A§À¤s¶¯¤@¹ï³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº¬Ýªk¡A«h¥i¨£¤§©ó¡m¤j­¼¦ò¨å. 14¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤¤¥¡¤½½×ªÀ¡A1978¡A­¶233¡An.1¡^¡C

¡]¤­¡^Vaidalyasutra et Vaidalyaprakarana¡FShib mo rnam par hthag pa shes
¡@¡@¡@bya bahi mdo et Shib mo rnam par hthag pa shes bya bahi rab tu byed
¡@¡@¡@pa¡F¡m¼s¯}¸g¡net¡m¼s¯}½×¡n

¡@¡@¡m¼s¯}¸g¡n¬O¥Ñ¤C¤Q¤T±ø¸g¥y²Õ¦¨ªº½×®Ñ¡A¦¹¤¤ªº¡u¸g¡v¬O«ü¤@ºØºë­nªº´²¤å¡AÃþ¦pPanini-sutra¤@¯ëªº¤åÅé¡A¡m¼s¯}½×¡n«h¬°¸g¤åªº²¨ÄÀ¡A³o¥»½×®Ñ§¹¥þ¬O°w¹ï¥¿²z¾Ç¬£©Ò¥ß¤§¡u¤Q¤»¥y¸q¡v¦Óµo¡C¥»®Ñ¥H©¹§¡³Q»{©w¬°¬OÀs¾ðªº¡u¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¤§¤@¡AµM¦Óªñ®É¦pF. Tola»PC. Dragonetti¤G¤H¦b¥L­Ì·sªñ¦³Ãö¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¸Ì¡A«h»{¬°¶Ç²Îªº»¡ªk¨ÃµL¥O¤H¥i¥H«HªAªºÃÒ¾Ú¡A¦]¦¹¥»½×¬O§_¯u¬°Às¾ð©Ò³y¡A¬O¬Û·í¥iºÃªº¡C¥»®Ñªº¡u¸g¡v»P¡u½×¡v¤GªÌ³£¦ý¦sÂÃĶ¦Ó¤w¡A¡m¼s¯}½×¡nªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

120. Kajiyama, Yuichi (ed.), "The Vaidalyaprakarana of Nagarjuna",
¡@¡@ Miscellanea Indologica Kiotiensia, Nos.6-7, 1965, pp. 129-55. ¦A¦¬©ó
¡@¡@ «e´¦21, pp. 361-87.
121. Tola, F. and Dragonetti, C., Nagarjuna's Refutation of Logic (Nyaya)
¡@¡@ , Delhi : Motital Branarsidass Publishers, 1995, pp. 21-53.

¡@¡@ªø´Á¥H¨Ó°£¤F¤éÄy¾ÇªÌýå¤s¶¯¤@´¿¤j¤O§ë¤J¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¡A¨Ã±N¦¹½×¥[¥H¤éĶ¥~¡A¾Ç¬É¤¤¦ü¥G¤ñ¸û¤Ö¤HÃöª`Às¾ðªº¦¹¤@µÛ§@¡A¦]¦Ó¦b1995¦~¥H«e§Ú­ÌÃø¥H¨£¨ì¨ä¥L»y¤åªºÄ¶¥»¡A§ó¤£¥Î»¡¨£¨ì¦³Ãö¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¡]¨Ì«e´¦68, p. 87,n.119, ¥ÑLindtner©Ò¥D½sªºIndiske Studier¤£¤é±N¥Z¦æÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº­^¤åĶ¥»¡A Lindtner¹w§i¦¹¤@Ķ¥»ªº®É¶¡¬O¦b1982¦~¡AµM¦Ó¦¹¤@Ķ¥»ªº°Ý¥@«o¬O1995¦~ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¨Ã¥B¤]¤£¬O¥Ñ Lindtner¥D½sªº¸Ó¤@ÂO®Ñ¥Xª©¡^¡C¦¹®Ñªº¤é¤å»P­^¤åĶ¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

122. §À¤s¶¯¤@Ķ¡A¡mÇðÇ{Ç~ǼÇçÇà½×¡n¡A¦¬©ó¡J§À¤s¶¯¤@¡A¥Ê¥Í¬z¶©¯u¦@Ķ¡A¡m¤j
¡@¡@ ­¼¦ò¨å. 14¡GÀs¾ð½×¶°¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤¤¥¡¤½½×ªÀ¡A1974¡A­¶185-229¡C
123. ¦P«e´¦121, pp. 57-95¡C

¡@¡@¦Ü©ó¡m¼s¯}¸g¡n¡A«h¦³Sempa DorjeĶ¦ÛÂÃ¥»ªº±ë¤åÁÙ­ìĶ¡J

124. Sempa Dorje (tr.), Vaidalsutram, Varanasi : Tibbati-Himdi Kemdra,
¡@¡@ 1974 (not seen).

¡@¡@¦³ÃöÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº¤¶²Ð¡A¥i¨£¤§©ó«e´¦1¡]p. 21¡^»P68¡]pp. 87-93¡^¡A¦Ó¦b¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¤è­±«h¦³¥H¤U½Ñ¤å¡J

125. ¤s¤f¯qµÛ¡A¡q¥¿²z¾Ç¬£ÇR¹ïÇ@ÇrÀs¾ðÇU½×®ÑÇðÇ{¢wÇ~ǼÇçÇà¡]Vaidalya¡^ÇRÇK
¡@¡@ ÆêÇM¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡G¡m¤¤Æ[¦ò±Ð½×¦Ò¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤s³ß©Ð¦ò®ÑªL¡A1965¡A­¶111-66¡C
126. §À¤s¶¯¤@µÛ¡A¡q¼s¯}½×ÇO¥¿²z¸g¡r¡A¡m¦L¦ò¬ã¡n¡A¤­¨÷¤@¸¹¡]1957¡^¡A­¶192-
¡@¡@ 5¡C
127. Williams, P. M., "Review of Indian Metaphysics and Epistemology, ed.
¡@¡@ by K. H. Potter", JIP, Vol.6 (1978), esp., pp. 287-90.
128. Williams, P. M., "Review of Nagarjuniana, Studies in the Writings and
¡@¡@ Philosophy of Nagarjuna, by C. Lindtner", JIP, Vol.12 (1984), esp.,
¡@¡@ pp. 96-7.
129. Bronkhorst, J. "Nagarjuna and the Naiyayikas", JIP, Vol.13(1985), pp.
¡@¡@ 107-32.
130. ¦P«e´¦121, pp. 99-156.

¡@¡@¥H¤W©Ò¤¶²ÐªºÀs¾ð¤­½×¡A¦b¦èÂ꺦ò¾Ç¶Ç²Î¤¤¤@¯ë§¡ºÙ¤§¬°¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¡A³o¨Ç³£ÄÝ©ó¬O¡u²`Æ[Ãþ¡vªºµÛ§@¡A¥ç§Y¥HÄÄ©ú¡u½t°_©ÊªÅ¡v¬°¥DªºµÛ§@¡A¥H¤U±N¤¶²ÐÀs¾ðªÃ¦¹¤¤Æ[¥¿¨£¦Ó¥HªÀ·|¡B¬Fªv©Î©v±Ð¹ê½î¬°¥DÃDªºµÛ§@¡A³o¤@ÃþªºµÛ§@¦bÂæa¦ò¾Ç¶Ç²Î¸Ì¥çºÙ¤§¬°¡u¼s¦æÃþ¡vªºµÛ§@¡C

¡]¤»¡^Ratnavali¡FrGyal po la gtam bya ba rin po chehi phrev ba,
¡@¡@¡@Rajaparikatharatnavali¡F¡mÄ_¦æ¤ý¥¿½×¡n

¡@¡@¥»®Ñ¬OÀs¾ð¡u¼s¦æÃþ¡vµÛ§@¸Ì³¡ÀY³Ì¤j¡A¨Ã¥B¤]¬OÀs¾ð§@«~¸Ì³Ì¬°­«­nªºµÛ§@¤§¤@¡A¥þ®Ñ­p¤À¤­«~¡A¦Ó¨C«~¦U¦³¤@¦Ê­ºÔU¹|¡C¦¹½×±ë¥»ÃD¦W¬°¡mÄ_ö¥½×¡n¡AÂÃ¥»«hÃD§@¡m¤ýÃÓÄ_ö¥¡n¡A¦Ó¯u¿Íªºº~Ķ¥»«h§@¡mÄ_¦æ¤ý¥¿½×¡n¡A¦b¦èÂæò±Ð®æ¾|¬£¡]Dge lugs pa¡^ªº¶Ç²Î¸Ì¡A¥»½×®æ¥~¨ü¨ì­«µø¦Ó©¹©¹³Q¬Ý¦¨¬O¡u¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¸Ìªº²Ä¤»³¡µÛ§@¡C®Ú¾Ú¾ÇªÌ¹ïÀs¾ð¶Ç°O¤Î¨ä­Y¤z¬ÛÃöµÛ§@ªº¬ã¨s¡AÀs¾ð¦b«n¦L¥°¤Æ´Á¶¡»P·í¦aªº¬Fªv¶Õ¤O¹L±q¬Æ±K¡A¦Ó¨ä±ß¦~¥ç¥i¯à¦]©ó¤@Ô·¬Fª§¦Ó±Ë¥@©¹¥Í¡C¦¹®Ñ¬O¬ã¨sÀs¾ð¬Fªv«ä·Q»PªÀ·|­õ¾Çªº­«­n¤åÄm¡C¥»®ÑªºÂáBº~¤GĶ­Ñ¦b¡A¦Ó±ë¤å­ì¨å«h¦ý¦s´Ý¥»¦Ó¤w¡C¦¹¤@±ë¤å´Ý¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

131. Tucci, G., "The Ratnavali of Nagarjuna", JRAS (1934), pp. 307-24;
¡@¡@ JRAS (1936), pp. 237-52 & 423-35.
132. ¦P«e´¦106, pp. 296-310.
133. ¦P«e´¦15., pp. 83-100 (not seen).
134. Dietz, S., "The Fifth Chapter of Nagarjuna's Ratnavali", JNRC, Vol.4
¡@¡@ (1980) , pp. 189-220 (not seen).

¡@¡@Tucci©Ò®Õ­qªº±ë¤å´Ý¥»¡A¦ý¦sªì«~¡E²Ä¤@¡ã²Ä¤C¤Q¤CÔU¡A²Ä¤G«~¡E²Ä¤@¡ã²Ä¥|¤Q¤»ÔU¡A²Ä¥|«~¥þ«~¡C132»P133¨â­Ó¥»¤l¥u¬O­«¿ý131¤§¤å¦Ó¤w¡C134ªº®Õ­q¥»¡A«h¥]¬A²Ä¤­«~¡E²Ä¤@¡ã²Ä¤­¤Q¤­ÔU«e¥b»P²Ä¤C¤Q¤E¡ã²Ä¤@¦ÊÔU«e¥bªº±ë¤å­ì¨å¡A¥H¤Î¸Ó«~¾ã«~ªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¡C¬ÛÀ³©ó131±ë¤å´Ý¥»ªº±ë¡BÂáBº~¤T¥»¹ï·Ó¡A¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

135. ®cªO«É³Ó½s®Õ¡A¡q±ëÂú~¹ï·ÓÇåÇÄÇÆ¢wÇðÇ{Çæ¢w¡]Ä_¦æ¤ý¥¿½×¡^¡r¡A¦P«e´¦29
¡@¡@ ¡A­¶421-514¡C

¡@¡@¦¬¶°«e­z³o¨Ç±ë¤å´Ý¥»¨Ã®Ú¾Ú­Y¤z·sªñµo²{ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¥[¥H­«·s®Õ­q¡A¦P®Éªþ¤W¥þ®ÑªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¥H¤Îº~Ķ½s½X¥»¡A«h¬°¡J

136. Hahn, M., Nagarjuna's Ratnavali, Vol.1, The Basic Texts (Sanskrit,
¡@¡@ Tibetan, Chinese), Bonn : Indica et Tibetica Verlag, 1982.

¡@¡@¦Ü©ó¦¹½×ªº­^Ķ¡A«h¦³¡J

137. ¦P«e´¦131¡C
138. Hopkins, J.(tr.), "The Precious Garland of Advice for the King", ¦¬
¡@¡@ ©ó¡GThe Precious Garland and the Song of the Four Mindfulness, London
¡@¡@ : George Allen and Unwin, 1975.

¡@¡@´N¤¤¡A137¥u¬O131±ë¤å´Ý¥»ªº­^Ķ¡A138«h¬°Ä¶¦ÛÂÃ¥»ªº¥þĶ¥»¡C¦Ü©ó¦³ÃöÀs¾ð¦¹½×ªº¬ã¨s¡A«h¦³¡J

139. ©M¥Ð¨q¤ÒµÛ¡A¡qÇåÇÄÇÆ¢wÇðÇæ¢wRatnavaliÇU¤º®e·§Æ[¡r¡A¡m¤j¨¦¾Ç³ø¡n¡A¤G¤Q
¡@¡@ ¤T¨÷¤­¸¹¡]1942¡^¡A­¶20-57¡]¥¼¨£¡^¡C
140. ©M¥Ð¨q¤ÒµÛ¡A¡q¦ò±ÐÇU¬F¹D½×¡Ð¡Ð¯SÇRRatnavaliÇR©óÆ÷Çr¤ý¹D¡r¡A¡m¤é¦ò¦~³ø
¡@¡@ ¡n¡A²Ä¤Q¤K¸¹¡]1953¡^¡A­¶1-17¡C
141. ¦P«e´¦15¡C
142. Hahn, M., "On a Numerical Problem in Nagarjuna's Ratnavali", ¦¬©ó¡J
¡@¡@ Indological and Buddhist Studies, Volume in Honour of Professor J.
¡@¡@ W. de Jong on his Sixtieth Birthday, ed. by L. A. Hercus et al.,
¡@¡@ Canberra : Faculty of Asian Studies, 1982, pp. 161-85.
143. Thurman, R. A. F., "Guidelines for Buddhist Social Activism, Based on
¡@¡@ Nagarjuna's Jewel Garland of Royal Counsels", EB, Vol.16, No.1, 1985,
¡@¡@ pp. 19-51.
144. ¦P«e´¦32¡A²Ä¥|³¹¡qªÅ©ÊÇRÆðÆ÷Çr¹ê½îÇU°ÝÃD¡r²Ä¤G¸`¡ã²Ä¥|¸`¡A­¶298-344¡C
145. ¥_üe§Q¿ËµÛ¡A¡mÀs¾ðÇU¬Fªv«ä·Q¡n¡A¥Ã¥Ð¤å©÷°ó¡A1988¡C

¡@¡@¥H¤W½Ñ¤å¡A142¬O±´°QÀs¾ð¦¹½×©Ò¦CÁ|ªºªk¼Æ¤§¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD¡A143»P144¤G¤å«h¬O¥H¥»½×¬°¤¤¤ß¦Ó½×¨s¤j­¼µÐÂĹD¸¨¹ê©ó¬Fªv¡BªÀ·|»P­Ó¤H­Û²z¤Wªº½Ñ°ÝÃD¡A145¤§¤å«h¬°§@ªÌ¨Ì±ë¡BÂè⥻¨Ã°Ñ¦Ò Ajitamitraªºªþª`¦Ó±N¦¹½×Ķ¬°¤é»y¡A§@ªÌ¨ÃÀH¨äĶ¤å¦Ó²¨¸ÑÀs¾ð¹|¤å¤§¸q¡C

¡]¤C¡^Suhrllekha¡FbSes pahi sprin yig¡F¡m¿Ë¤Í®Ñ¿«¡n

¡@¡@¥»®Ñ»P«e´¦¡mÄ_¦æ¤ý¥¿½×¡n¤@¼Ë¡A¦b¦èÂäjÂøgªº¤ÀÃþ¸Ì§¡³QÂk¤J¡u®Ñ¿«³¡¡v¡A®Ú¾Ú¾ÇªÌªº¬ã¨s¡A¦¹¤G®Ñ§¡¬°Às¾ð»PSatavahana¤ý´Âªº¬Y­Ó¦b¦ìªÌ©¹¨Ó©Ò¯d¤Uªº¤åÄm¡A¦Ü©ó¦¹¤@¦b¦ìªÌ¨s¬°¦ó¤H¡A¦U®a»¡ªk¤£¤@¡C¥»®Ñ±ë¥»¥¼¦s¡A¦ý¦³Âú~¨âĶ¡A´N¤¤¡Aº~Ķ¦³¤T¡]¦¬©ó¡y¤j¥¿ÂázNos.1672¡ã74¡^¡AÂÃĶ¦³¤G¡]¡uªF¥_¥Ø¿ý¡vNos.4182¡A4496¡^¡C±qÂÃĶ¥»¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦¹¤@®Ñ¿«¬O¥Ñ¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q¤T©Î¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q¥|­ºÔU¹|©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¤º®e¥D­n¬O¶}¥Ü¦b®a²³ªº­Û²z¹ê½î¡A¦Ó¨ä±Ô­z¤jÅé¤W¬O¨Ìªü§t¸t¨å¡]¯S§O¬O¡mªk¥y¸g¡n¡^©Ò¸ü¤§¦b®a²³ªº­Û²z¡AµM¦Ó¦b²Ä¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q»P²Ä¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q¤@¹|¸Ì¡A«h¤À§O´£¨ì¤FÆ[¥@­µµÐÂÄ»PªüÀ±ªû¦ò³o¨â¦ì©M²b¤g«H¥õ¦³Ãöªº¤Hª«¡A³o¤@ÂI¬O¬Û·í­È±oª`·Nªº¡CÀs¾ð¦¹½×©Î¨Ìº~Ķ©Î¾ÚÂÃ¥»¡A´¿¼Æ«×³QÂàĶ¦¨­^¤å¡A¦ý¨´¤µ¬°¤î¡A§Ú­Ì¦ü¥G¤´¥¼¨£¨ìºë¼fªºÂÃĶ©Îº~Ķªº®Õ­q¥»°Ý¥@¡]¾Ú«e´¦68, p. 218, n.181, S. Dietz§Y±NµÛ¤â¦¹½×ªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¡^¡C¦Ü©ó¥»½×ªº­^Ķ¡A«h¦³¤U¦C¼ÆºØ¡J

146. Wenzel, H., "bSes pahi phriv yig ("Friendly Epistle") ", JPTS, 1886,
¡@¡@ pp. 1-32 (not seen).
147. Ven. Bbikkhu Khantipalo, "The Letter of Kind-heartedness of Acarya
¡@¡@ Nagarjuna", ¦¬©ó¡JThe Wisdom Gone Beyond, ed. by R. Excell, et al.
¡@¡@ Bankok 1966, pp. 15-44 (not seen).
148. Beyer, S., "A Letter to a Friend", ¦¬©ó¡JThe Buddhist Experience :
¡@¡@ Sources and Interpretation, California : Wadsworth Publishing Co.,
¡@¡@ 1974, pp. 10-18.
149. Kawamura, L., Golden Zephyr : Instructions from a Spiritual Friend,
¡@¡@ California : Dharma Publishing, 1975.
150. Ven. Lozang Jamspal, et al., Nagarjuna's Letter to King Gautamiputra,
¡@¡@ Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1978.
151. Geshe Tharchin, L. & Engle, A. B., Nagarjuna's Letter, Dharmsala : L.
¡@¡@ T. W. A., 1979 (not seen).

¡@¡@¥H¤W³o¨Ç­^Ķ§¡Ä¶¦ÛÂÃ¥»¡A®Ú¾Ú148¤@®Ñ©Ò­z¡A146¡B147¤G®Ñ¦ß»~»á¦h¡A¦­¤w¹L®É¡C149¡B150 ¤G®Ñ§¡¦U¦Û¦ñ¦³ÂÃÄy°ª¹¬ªº¬ì§P»P²¨¸Ñ¡F´N¤¤¡A149©ÒªþÀHªº¬O¹çº¿¬£¡]rNin ma pa¡^¾ÇªÌMi pham ªº²¨¸Ñ¡A¦¹®Ñ¦P®É¨Ãªþ¦³ÂÃĶ¹|¤åªº«a¦r¯Á¤Þ¡F150©ÒªþÀHªº¬OÂÄ­{¬£¡]Sa skya pa¡^¾ÇªÌJetsun Rendawa¡BRongton Sheja Kunrig¥H¤Î®æ¾|¬£¾ÇªÌLozang Jinpaªº¤T®a·|µù¡A¦¹®Ñ¦P®É¤]ªþ¦³Às¾ð¦¹½×ªºÂäåĶ¥»¡C®Ú¾Ú149¤@®Ñ©Ò­z¡A150ªºÄ¶§@¬OÂàĶ¦Û«e­zÂÄ­{¬£¾ÇªÌJetsun Rendawaªº²¨¸Ñ¡C¦Ü©ó151¤@®Ñ¡A¾Ú±x¤D¬O©v³Ø¤Ú®v´L¤§¤@ªº¤¯¹F¥Ë¡]Red mdah ba¡^©Ò¼¶²¨ÄÀªº­^Ķ¡C¤SÀs¾ð³o³¡½×®Ñ¥Ø«e¤]¦³¤@­ÓÂàĶ¦Û148ªº¤¤Ä¶¥»¡J¡m»|¤ý®Ñ¢w¢wµ¹ªB¤Íªº¤@«Ê«H¡n¡]¾G©M°]ĶµÛ¡A¬é¶é¹Ï®Ñ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥Á68¡^¡C

¡@¡@¦³Ãö¥»½×ªº¬ã¨s¡A¦­´Á¦³¥»¥Ð¸q­^ªº¡q±K¤Í®ÑÇU¬ã¨s¡r¡]¦¬©ó¡mÀs¨¦¤j¾Ç½×ÂO¡n¡ANo.257¡A1923¡A¥¼¨£¡^¡C¦Ü©ó·sªñªº¬ã¨s«h¦³¥H¤U¨â®Ñ¡G

152. ¥_üe§Q¿ËµÛ¡A¡mÀs¾ðÇU®Ñ²¡n¡A¥Ã¥Ð¤å©÷°ó¡A1985¡C
153. Kalupahana, D.(ed.), Nagarjuna's Moral Philosophy and Sinhala
¡@¡@ Buddhism, Sri Lanka : The Postgraduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist
¡@¡@ Studies, University of Kelaniya, 1995.

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A152¤@®Ñ«h§t¦³¸q²b©ÒĶº~¥»»PÂÃ¥»ªº¤éĶ¡A§@ªÌ¨Ã¥B®Ú¾ÚÀs¾ð©ó¡m¿Ë¤Í®Ñ¿«¡n¤¤©Ò­z¤§¦b®a¹D¦Ó¼s¤Þ¬ÛÃöªºªü§t¸t¨å¨ÓÄÄ©ú¨ä¶¡ªº¸q²z¡A¥»®Ñ¥i¥H»¡¬O¥Ø«e¬°¤î¦³ÃöÀs¾ð¦¹½×³Ì¬°¸ÔºÉªº¬ã¨s¡C¦Ü©ó153¤@®Ñ«h¥i¤À¬°¤T³¡¥÷¡G¨ä¤@¬O½×­zÀs¾ðªº¹D¼w­õ¾Ç¤Î¨ä¹ï¿üÄõ¦ò±Ðªº¥i¯à¼vÅT¡A¨ä¤G¬O¡m¿Ë¤Í®Ñ¿«¡nªºÂí^¹ï·Ó¥H¤ÎĶªÌ¥»¤Hªº²¨ÄÀ¡A¨ä¤T«h¬O¤@³¡ÃD¦W¬°¡mÄU¤Æ¥@¶¡½×¡n¡]Lovadasangarava ¡^ªº­^¤å½Ķ¡A¸Ó®Ñ­ì¬O¥H¥j¿üÄõ»y¼g¦¨ªºÔU¹|Åé½×®Ñ¡A¥þ®Ñ¦@­p¤@¦Ê¥|¤Q¹|¡C®Ú¾ÚKalupahanaªº»¡ªk¡A¥L»{¬°Às¾ðªº¡m¿Ë¤Í®Ñ¿«¡n´¿¸gµ¹¤F¡mÄU¤Æ¥@¶¡½×¡n¬Û·í²`¨èªº¼vÅT¡A¦Ó¥B«Ü¦³¥i¯à«áªÌ®Ú¥»´N¬O«eªÌªºÂ½Ä¶¤]»¡¤£©w¡C

¡]¤K¡^Pratityasamutpadahrdayakarika et Pratityasamutpadahrdayavyakhyana ¡@¡@¡@¡FrTen cin hbrel bar hbyun bahi sniv pohi tshig lehur byas pa et
¡@¡@¡@rTen cin hbrel bar hbyun bahi snin pohi rnam par bsad pa¡F¡m¦]½t¤ß½×
¡@¡@¡@¹|¡net¡m¦]½t¤ß½×ÄÀ¡n

¡@¡@¡m¦]½t¤ß½×¹|¡n©Î³\¬OÀs¾ðµÛ§@¸Ì³Ì¬°µu¤pªº§@«~¡A¥þ®Ñ¶È¥Ñ¤C­ºÔU¹|²Õ¦¨¡A°£¦¹¦Ó¥~¡A¥»½×¨Ã¦³¶Ç¬°Às¾ð¥»¤H©Ò¼¶¼gªºªø¦æÄÀ¤å¡C¥¿¦pLindtner©Ò´¿«ü¥Xªº¡]°Ñ¨£«e´¦68, pp. 170-71¡^¡AÀs¾ð¦b¦¹¤@¤p½×¸Ì¨Ã¨S¦³¥ô¦ó­ì³Ð©Êªº«ä·Q©ó¨ä¶¡¡A¦Ó¥»½×ªº­«­n©Ê¤D¦b©ó³z¹L¡u¤@¤ÁªkªÅ¡vªº«ä·Q¦Ó­«·s¸àÄÀ¡u¤Q¤G¤ä½t¥Í¡vªº²z½×¡A¦b³o¤@ÂI¤W§Ú­Ì¦pªG»¡¡m¤¤½×¡n²Ä¤G¤Q¤»¡uÆ[¤Q¤G½t¥Í«~¡v¥Nªí¤FÀs¾ð¹ï¦¹¤@±Ð¸qªº¥@«U¿Í¥ßÔ·¡A¨º»ò¥»½×¹ï³o­Ó½×ÃDªº»¡ªk«h¥i¥H»¡¥R¤À¦a¥Nªí¤F³Ó¸q¿ÍªºÆ[ÂI¡C¦¹¥~¡AÀs¾ð¦b¥»½×¤¤´©¤Þ¤F¡m¤Q¦a¸g¡n¡]Dasabhumikasutra¡^ªº»¡ªk¦Ó§â½t¥Íªº¤Q¤G¤ä¬£¤À¬°¤T¸s¡G·Ð´o¡B·~¡B­W¡A¨Ãµø¦¹¤TªÌ¦p§ôĪ¤@¯ë¦Ó¤¬¬°¨Ì«Ý¡C

¡@¡@Às¾ð¦¹½×²{¦s±ë¤å´Ý¥»¡A¥H¤ÎÂú~¨âºØĶ¥»¡A±ë¤å´Ý¥»¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

154. Gokhale, V. V. (ed.), "Der Sanskit-Text von Nagarjuna's
¡@¡@ Pratityasamutpadahrdayakarika", ¦¬©ó¡GStudia Indologica : Festschrift
¡@¡@ fur Willibald Kirfel, Bonn, 1955, S.101-6 (not seen).
155. Gokhale, V. V. (ed.), "Encore : Pratityasamutpadahrdayakarika of
¡@¡@ Nagarjuna", ¦¬©ó¡GPrincipal V. S. Apte Commemoration Volume, ed. by
¡@¡@ M. G. Dhadphale, Poona : D. E. Society, 1978, pp. 62-8 (not seen).
156. Sastri, N. Aiyawami "Nagarjuna's Exposition of Twelve Causal Links",
¡@¡@ Bulletin of Tibetology, Vol.V, No.2, 1968, pp. 5-27.

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A156ªº¥»¤l¤@¤è­±¦¬¿ý¤F154ªº®Õ¥»¡A¥t¤@¤è­±«h§â¦¹¤@®Õ¥»¤¤©Ò²æ¸¨ªº³¡¥÷¨ÌÂÃĶ¥»¦ÓÁ٭쬰±ë¤å¡A¦P®É¨Ãªþ¦³¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¡A¦Ó¥»½×¥t¥~¨â­ÓÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥»¡A¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

157. La Vallee Poussin, L. de (ed. & tr.), "Bouddhisme, etudes et
¡@¡@ materiaux; Theorie des douze causes", Universite de Gand, 1913, pp.
¡@¡@ 122-4 (not seen).
158. §À¤s¶¯¤@¡A¡qÂÃ¥»¡y¦]½t¤ß½×ÄÀ¡z¡r¡A¡m¤é¦ò¦~³ø¡n¡A46¡]1981¡^¡A­¶1-15¡C

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A157¦ý¬°¸Ö¹|³¡¥÷ªº®Õ­q¡A¦Ó158«h¬O³z¹L¦U¦¡ª©¥»ªº¦èÂäjÂøg©Ò¦¬ªº¤»ºØ¥»¤l¦Ó¨ÓªºÂÃĶºë®Õ¥»¡A³o­Óºë®Õ¥»¹ï©ó±ë¡BÂáBº~¤TºØ¥»¤l¤§¶¡ªº²§¦P³£ÀH¤åªþ¦³·¥¨ä¸ÔºÉªºµù°O¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b´°·×ªº¦ò¨å¤åÄm¸Ì¥ç«O¦³¦¹½×ªº¤@¨Ç¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡A¦¹³B§Ú­Ì´N¤£¦h°µ¤¶²Ð¤F¡C¦³Ãö¥»½×ªº²{¥N»yĶ¥»¥H¤Î¬ã¨s¡A¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

159. Sastri, N. Aiyawami, "Nagarjuna on the Buddhist Theory of Causation",
¡@¡@ ¦¬©ó¡GSProfessor K. V. Rangaswami Aiyangar Commemoration Volume,
¡@¡@ Madars : G. S. Press, 1940, pp. 485-91.
160. Jamspal, L. and Santina, P. Della, "The Heart of Interdependent
¡@¡@ Origination of Nagarjuna with Commentary by the Author", JDBS, No.1,
¡@¡@ 1974, pp. 1-31.
161. Dragonetti, C., "The Pratityasamutpadahrdayakarika and the
¡@¡@ Pratityasamutpadahrdayavyakhyana of Suddhamati", WZKSO, Vol.22 (1978)
¡@¡@ , pp. 87-93 (not seen).
162. §À¤s¶¯¤@µÛ¡A¡q¤¤Æ[¬£ÇU¤Q¤G¤ä½t°_¸ÑÄÀ¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J¥Û¤Wµ½À³µ¥½s¡A¡m¦ò±Ð«ä
¡@¡@ ·Q¥v. ²Ä¤T¸¹¡G¦ò±Ð¤º³¡ÇRÆðÆ÷Çr¹ï½×¡Ð¡ÐÇ~ÇïÇÅ¡n¡A¨Ê³£¡G¥­¼Ö¦x®Ñ©±¡A
¡@¡@ 1980¡A­¶89-146¡C
163. Lindtner, C. "Adversaria Buddhica", WZKSO, Vol.26 (1982) (not seen).
164. Dragonetti, C. "On Suddhamati's Pratityasamutpadahrdayakarika and on
¡@¡@ Bodhicittavivarana", WZKSO, Vol.30 (1986) (not seen).

¡@¡@159¬O´°·×¨÷¤l¸Ìº~Ķ¥»ªº­^¤å½Ķ¡A160¬°ÂÃĶ¥»ªº­^¤å½Ķ¡A¦¹¥~§À¤s©ÒµÛ¡mªÅ¤Jªù¡n¡]«e´¦40¡A­¶153-61¡^«h¥t¦³§À¤s±Ð±ÂªºÂ½Ä¶»P²¨ÄÀ¡C

¡@¡@¨Ì162¤§»¡¡A¦¹½×»P¡m¤¤½×¡E²Ä¤G¤Q¤»«~¡nÃö«Y±K¤Á¡AµM¦Ó¦¹½×¤Î¨äÄÀ½×¬O§_¬°Às¾ð©Ò§@¡A¾ÇªÌ¤§¶¡¤´¦³ª§½×¡A¾Ú«e´¦1¡]p. 28, n.63¡^¥H¤Î161»P164¤G¤å¡A§¡¤£¦P·N¶Ç²Î¤W±N¦¹½×¤Î¨äÄÀ½×Âk¬°Às¾ð©Ò³yªº»¡ªk¡C¦³Ãö¦¹½×¦b¤åÄm¾Ç¤WªººØºØ°ÝÃD¡A¦³¿³½ìªÌ¡A¥i°Ñ¾\«e´¦162§À¤s¤§¤å¡C

¡]¤E¡^Mahayanavimsika¡FTheg pa chen po ni su pa¡F¡m¤j­¼¤G¤Q¹|½×¡n

¡@¡@¥»½×¬O¥Ñ¤G¤Q¾l­ºÔU¹|©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¤p½×¡A¨ä±ëÂú~¤T¥»­Ñ¦b¡C±ë¤å­ì¨å¥i¨£¤§©ó¡J

165. Tucci, G., "Mahayana Vimsika of Nagarjuna", ¦¬©ó¡JMinor Buddhist Texts
¡@¡@ ¡DPart 1, Roma, 1956, pp. 193-203.

¡@¡@¦¹½×ªºÂÃĶ¡A¥_¨Êª©¦èÂäjÂøg¦¬¦³¨âºØĶ¥»¡]P. No.5233, 5465¡^¡C¥H³o¨âºØÂäåĶ¥»¹ï·Óº~Ķ¥»ªº¡A¦³¡J

166. Yamaguchi, S., "Nagarjuna's Maahayanavimsaka, (Prefatory Notes)", ¦¬
¡@¡@ ©ó¡JEB, Vol.4 (1925), Nos.1-2, pp. 56-72.
167. Bhattacharya, V., "Mahayanavimsaka of Nagarjuna, Reconstructed
¡@¡@ Sanskrit Text, the Tibetan [2] and the Chinese Versions, with an
¡@¡@ English Translation", ¦¬©ó¡JVisva-Bharati Quarterly, Vol.8, Pts.1&2,
¡@¡@ 1930-1, pp. 107-50 (not seen).

¡@¡@¦¹½×ªº­^¤åĶ¥»¦³¤U¦C¨âºØ¡J

168. ¦P«e´¦165¡App. 204-7¡C
169. Yamaguchi, S., "Nagarjuna's Mahayanavimsaka, (An English Translation
¡@¡@ with Notes)", EB, Vol.5 (1930), Nos.2-3, pp. 169-76.

¡@¡@¥Ñ©ó¥»½×­Y¤z¸Ö¹|©úÅ㪺¦³µÛ°ßÃÑ«ä·Qªº¶É¦V¡]¨Ò¦p²Ä¤Q¤»¡B¤Q¤C¨â¸Ö¹|¡^¡A¦]¦¹¦³¨Ç¾ÇªÌÃhºÃ¦¹½×¥þ¥X©óÀs¾ð¤@¤H¤§¤â¡A©Î¦³¥i¯à¦b¬y¶Çªº¹Lµ{¸Ì¡A³¡¥÷¤º®e·~¤w¾D¨ì«á¤HªºÂ«§ï¡]°Ñ¨£«e´¦68, p.12, n.16; p.27, n.80¡^¡C¥H¤W³o¤E³¡µÛ§@¡A°£¡]¤@¡^¤§¥~¡A¨ä¾l½Ñ½×ªº¤é¤åĶ¥»¡A§¡¦¬©ó¡J

170. §À¤s¶¯¤@¡A¥Ê¥Í¬z¶©¯u¦@Ķ¡A¡m¤j­¼¦ò¨å. 14¡GÀs¾ð½×¶°¡n¡AªF¨Ê¡G¤¤¥¡¤½½×
¡@¡@ ªÀ¡A1974¡C

¡]¤Q¡^Catuhstava¡FbsTod pa bshi pa¡F¡m¥|Ægºq¡n

¡@¡@¦¹¤@Ægºq¶°ªºÃD¦W¬O¥Ñ´¼§@¼z¡]Prajnakaramati, ca.950-1030¡^©ó¡m¤JµÐ´£¦æ½×²Ó²¨¡n¡] Bodhicaryavatarapanjika¡^©Ò´£¤Îªº¡A¥LÁöµM¼Æ«×¤Þ¥Î¸Ó¤@Ægºq¶°ªº¸Ö¹|¡A¦ý¨Ã¥¼«ü¥X¨ä§@ªÌ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªº§@ªÌ¬O§_¬°Às¾ð¡A¦ü¥G¨Ã¤£¦p¡m¤¤½×¡n¤@¯ë¨º»ò½T©w¡C¨ä¦¸¡A©Ò¿×¡m¥|Ægºq¡n¨s³º¬O«ü¨º¥|­ºÆgºq¡A¾ÇªÌ¤§¶¡¤]¦³¤£¦Pªº¬Ýªk¡]°Ñ¨£de Jong, "Emptiness", JIP, Vol.2 (1972), pp. 11-2¡^¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A·sªñªº¬ã¨s¹ï³o¨â­Ó°ÝÃD¤w¦³¤F­Y¤z¨M©w©Êªº¶i®i¡C¥H¤U¬O¦³Ãö¦¹¤@Ægºq¶°ªº¬ã¨s½×¤å¡J

171. 151.La Vallee Poussin, L. de (ed. & tr.), "Les Quatre Odes de
¡@¡@ Nagarjuna", Le Museon, nouvelle serie 14 (1913), Paris, pp. 1-18 (not
¡@¡@ seen).
172. 152.Patel, P. (ed. & tr.), "Catustava", IHQ, Vol.8 (1932), pp. 316-31,
¡@¡@ 689-705., IHQ, Vol.10 (1934), pp. 82-9.
173. 153.Tucci, G. (ed. & tr.), "Two Hymns of the Catuh-stava of Nagarjuna
¡@¡@ ", JRAS (1932), PP. 309-25.
174. 154.Tucci, G. (ed.), "Catuhstavasamasartha of Amrtakara", ¦¬©ó¡JMinor
¡@¡@ Buddhist Texts. Part 1, Roma, 1956, pp. 233-246.
175. 155.°s¤«¯u¨å®ÕĶ¡A¡qÀs¾ðÇRÂkÇBÇpÇsÇrÆgºq¡G¯SÇR¥|ÆgÇRÇKÆêÇM¡r¡A¡m¤é¦ò
¡@¡@ ¦~³ø¡n¡A¤G¤Q¥|¸¹¡]1959¡^¡A­¶1-44¡C
176. 156.¦P«e´¦68¡App. 121-61¡C
177. 157.Tola, F. et Dragonetti, C., "Nagarjuna's Catustava", JIP, Vol.13
¡@¡@ (1985), pp. 1-54.

¡@¡@«e´¦171»{¬°¡m¥|Ægºq¡n¬O«ü¡mµLÄ´³ëÆg¡n¡]Niraupamyastava¡^¡B¡m¶W¥@¶¡Æg¡n¡]Lokatitastava ¡^¡B¡m¤ßª÷­èÆg¡n¡]Cittavajrastava¡^¥H¤Î¡m²Ä¤@¸qÆg¡n¡]Paramarthastava¡^¡A¸Ó¤åªþ¦³³o¥|­ºÆgºqªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¤Îªk¤å½Ķ¡C172»{¬°¡m¥|Ægºq¡n¬O«ü¡mµLÄ´³ëÆg¡n¡B¡m¶W¥@¶¡Æg¡n¡B¡m¤£¥i«äijÆg¡n¡]Acintyastava ¡^¤Î¡m¶WÆg¹ÄÆg¡n¡]Stutyatita¡^¡A¸Ó¤å¦P®Éªþ¦³³o¥|­ºÆgºqªºÂÃĶ®Õ­q¥H¤Î¨Ì¾ÚÂÃ¥»ªº±ë¤åÁÙ­ìĶ¡C 173¹ï©ó¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªººc¦¨¡A¨ä¨£¸Ñ¦P©ó171¡A¸Ó¤å¦P®Éªþ¦³¡mµLÄ´³ëÆg¡n»P¡m²Ä¤@¸qÆg¡nªº±ëÂùï®Õ¥»¡A¥H¤Î³o¨â­ºÆgºqªº­^¤å½Ķ¡C174«h±À½¨ä¥»¤H©ó173¤§¤¤ªº»¡ªk¡A¦Ó¨Ì¾Ú¥ÌÅSÂ꺡m¥|Ægºq­n¸q¡n¡]Catuhstavasamasartha of Amrtakara¡^¡A¥H¡m¤£¥i«äijÆg¡n¨ú¥N­ì¥ý»{©wªº¡m¤ßª÷­èÆg¡n¡A¸Ó¤å¦P®Éªþ¦³¦¹¤@¡m¥|Ægºq­n¸q¡nªº±ë¤å´Ý¥»®Õ­q¡C175¹ï¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªººc¦¨¡A¨£¸Ñ¦P©ó172¡A¸Ó¤å°£¨ÌÂÃ¥»Ä¶¥X¡m¶W¥@¶¡Æg¡n»P¡m¤£¥i«äijÆg¡n¥~¡A¤S±N173ªº¨â­º±ë¤å¤Ñ«°Å骺ÆgºqÂà¼g¬°Ã¹°¨¦rÅé¡A¨ÃĶ¬°¤é¤å¡F¦P®É¡A°s¤«¯u¨å¤]§â¥ÌÅSÂ꺡m¥|Ægºq­n¸q¡n¨Ì174ªº®Õ­q¥»¡]¦¹¤@±ë¤å´Ý¥»¯Ê¡m¶W¥@¶¡Æg­n¸q¡n¡A¨ä¾l¤TªÌ­Ñ¥þ¡^¡A±x¼ÆĶ¬°¤é¤å¡A¨Ã¥[¤Wµù°O¡C176´£¥X¤T­Ó»á¬°°í±jªº²z¥Ñ¥H¤ä«ù174¹ï¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªººc¦¨©Ò«ùªº¨£¸Ñ¡A¨Ã­º«×¥Z¦æ¡m¶W¥@¶¡Æg¡n»P¡m¤£¥i«äijÆg¡nªº±ë¤å­ì¨å¡A¤Î¨ä­^Ķ¡C177«h¬Oºî¦X«e­z¾ÇªÌªº·~ÁZ¡A¤å¤¤°£¦³¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªº±ë¤å­ì¨å¤Î¨ä­^Ķ¥~¡A¨Ãªþ¦³¡m¤ßª÷­èÆg¡nªºÂÃĶ¥»¤Î¨ä­^Ķ¡A³ôºÙ¬O¬ã¨s¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªºÀ£¨÷¤§§@¡C¦¹¥~¡AF. Tola»PC. Dragonetti¤G¤H§â¥L­Ì¦­¥ýµoªí¹L¦³ÃöÀs¾ðµÛ§@ªº®Õ­q»P­^Ķ¦X¬°¤@¶°¡AÃD¦W¬°On Voidness : A study on Buddhist Nihilism¡]Delhi : Motilal Banarsidasss Publishers, 1995¡^¡A¦b³o¥»¶°¤l¸Ì¥]¬A¤F¡m¤»¤Q¦p²z½×¹|¡n¡B¡m¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×¹|¡n»P¡m¥|Ægºq¡nªº®Õ­q»P­^Ķ¡C

¡@¡@¦bÂú~¨â¦aªº¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Î¸Ì¡A¸p¦WÀs¾ð©Ò¼¶ªºµÛ§@·¥¦h¡C¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A¾ÇªÌ¤§¶¡¹ï¦¹¤@°ÝÃDªº¦Ò¹î¡A®õ¥b¨Ì©óBu ston»PTaranatha¨â¦ìÂÃÄy¦ò±Ð¥v®aªº»¡ªk¡C¦¹¤¤¡A«eªÌ¦³©Ò¿×Às¾ðªº¡u¤¤Æ[¤»½×¡v¡]dBu ma bahi rigs tshogs drug¡^¤§»¡¡A¨Ã¤@¤@·§­z³o¤»³¡½×¨åªº¤º®e¡J¡u¨ä¤¤¦³¶}¥Ü¤@¤Áªk¦Û©ÊªÅ¡AÅã²{½t°_¡AÂ÷Ã䤧¨£ªº¡A¦p¡m¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×¡n¡F¦³¯}°£¥Íµ¥¹ê¦³ªº¡A¦p¡m¤¤½×¡n¡F¬°¦¨¨ä²zªº¡A¦p¡m¤»¤Q¦p²z½×¡n¡F¬°¯}°£¹ï¤èª§½×¤§¹Lªº¡A¦p¡m°j½Ø½×¡n¡F¬°¶}¥Ü»P¹ï¤èª§ÅG»¡²zªº¡A¦p¡m¼s¯}½×¡n¡F¬°¶}¥Ü³Ó¸qÁöµL¦Û©Ê¡A¦Ó©ó¥@«U¥@¶¡¦W¨¥¦¨²zªº¡A¦p¡m¦W¨¥¦¨´N½×¡nµ¥¡A³s¦P¤W¨â½×¦@¤»½×¡C¡v¡]°Ñ¨£³¢Ä¶¡m¦ò±Ð¥v¤jÄ_Âýסn¡A¥_¨Ê¡G¥Á±Ú¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1986¡A­¶26¡^¦Ü©óTaranatha¦b½Í¤ÎÀs¾ðµÛ§@®É¡A«h¥u»¡Às¾ð¡u¬°¤FÀ»°hÁn»D»¡¤@¤Á¦³³¡ªºª§ÅG¡A³y¤F¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¡]Rigs pahi tshogs lna¡^µ¥¡C¡v¡]°Ñ¨£±iĶ¡m¦L«×¦ò±Ð¥v¡n¡A¦¨³£¡G¥|¤t¥Á±Ú¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1988¡A­¶84¡^¡A¦Ó¨S¦³¦C¥X©Ò¿×¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¬O«ü¨º¤­³¡½×®Ñ¡CTaranatha©ó¨ä©Ò¼¶¡m¤C¨t¥Iªk¶Ç¡n¡]bKah babs bdunldan¡^¤¤¡A¦b­z¤ÎÀs¾ðµÛ§@®É¡A¤]¥u¬O»¡¥L¡u¼s³y¡y¥¿²z½×¶°¡z¡]Rigs tshogs¡^µ¥¦hºØ½×¨å¡v¡]°Ñ¨£³¢Ä¶¡m¤C¨t¥Iªk¶Ç¡n¡A­»´ä¦ò¸g¬y³q³B¡A1966¡A­¶8¡^¡A¥ç¥¼©ú¨¥¨äµÛ§@¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A²{¥N¾ÇªÌ¦b¨¥¤Î¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡vªº¤º®e®É¡A³£¨ú«XÄy¾ÇªÌV. P. Vasilevªº»{©w¡]°Ñ¨£Vasilev's Note on p. 302 to A. Schiefner's, Taranatha's Geschichte des Buddhismus¡^¡A¦Ó¥H¬°Bu ston©Ò¿×ªº¡u¤¤Æ[¤»½×¡v¡A°£¤F¤wµM´²§H¤£¦sªº¡m¦W¨¥¦¨´N½×¡n¥~¡A»PTaranatha©Ò¨¥¤§¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¦b¤º®e¤W¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡C¦ý¦sÂÃĶªº¡m¤¤Æ[Ä_¿O½×¡n¡]Madhyamakaratnapradipa¡A¡uªF¥_¥Ø¿ý¡vNo.3854¡^¡A¦b¨äÃD¦W¬°¡q¥@«U¶Ã¼z³¹¡rªº²Ä¤G«~¡A©óµ²¹|¤¤«ü¥X¡J

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¡@¡]±q®Ú¥»¤¤¡N°j½Ø¡N¤C¤QªÅ©Ê¡N¤»¤Q¦p²z¡A¥H¤Î¼s¯}µ¥¡e½×¡f¡Aª¾½ÑªkµL¥Í¡C¡^
¡@¡@ ¢w ¡m¼w®æª©¦èÂäjÂøg¡E¤¤Æ[³¡¡q2¡r¡n¡A­¶132.4.5-6

¡@¡@©Ò¿×¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¡A¨ä¨å¾Ú©Î³\¥»©ó¦¹¡C¦Ü©ó¦b¦èÂæò±Ð®æ¾|¬£ªº¶Ç²Î¸Ì¡A¦Û©v³Ø¤Ú¡]Tson kha pa¡^¥H­°¡A©Î©ó¡u¤­¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¤Wªþ¥[¡mÄ_ö¥½×¡n¡]¥ç§Yº~Ķ¡mÄ_¦æ¤ý¥¿½×¡n¡^¡A¦ÓºÙ¤§¬°¡u¤»¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¡]Rigs pahi tshogs drug¡^¡CÃö©óÀs¾ð³o¤­³¡½×©Î¤»³¡½×ªº½×¦®¡A¥H¤Î¥¦­Ì©¼¦¹¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¤U¦C¤G¤å¡J

178. ¥_üe§Q¿ËµÛ¡A¡qÀs¾ð¤­³¡½×ÇU¬Û¤¬ÇU¦a¦ì¡r¡A¡m¦L¦ò¬ã¡n¡A¤C¨÷¤@¸¹¡]1958¡^
¡@¡@ ¡A­¶172-3¡C
179. ·q¤§µÛ¡A¡qÀs¾ðµÐÂĪº¤»³¡½×¡r¡A¦¬©ó¡J¦P«e´¦34¡A­¶77-84¡C

¡@¡@´N¤¤¡A178¬O±Ä¨ú¤ëºÙ¡m¤»¤Q¹|¦p²z½×ÄÀ¡n¡]Yuktisastikavrtti¡^¦b²¨¸Ñ¡u¬Ô·qÔU¡v®Éªº»¡ªk¡C¤ëºÙ»{¬°¡m°j½Ø½×¡n»P¡m¤C¤QªÅ©Ê½×¡n¬Ò¬°¡m¤¤½×¡nªº¡uªþ½×¡v©Î¡u®Ç½×¡v¡]hphros pa¡^¡A¨ä¤¤«eªÌ¬O¡m¤¤½×¡nªì«~¡E²Ä¤TÔUªºªþ½×¡A¦Ó«áªÌ¬O¡m¤¤½×¡n²Ä¤C«~¡E²Ä¤T¤Q¥|ÔUªº®Ç½×¡A¤ëºÙªº²z¥Ñ¬O³o¨â³¡½×®Ñ³£¯Ê¥F¡u¬Ô·qÔU¡v¡F¦ý¡m¤»¤Q¹|¦p²z½×¡n¨Ã¤£¯à¬Ý¦¨¬O¡m¤¤½×¡nªºÄò½g¡A¦Ó¬O»P¡m¤¤½×¡n¬Û¦Pªº¿W¥ß½×®Ñ¡A¨ä²z¥Ñ¬O¦¹¤GªÌ§¡¦³¡u¬Ô·qÔU¡v¡A¨Ã¥B³£¦b«Å»¡¿W¯Sªº½t°_¤§±Ð¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦b¡u¬Ô·qÔU²¨¡vªº¯ßµ¸¸Ì¡A¤ëºÙ¨Ã¨S¦³°Q½×¡m¼s¯}½×¡n»P¡m¤¤½×¡nªºÃö«Y¡C¦Ü©ó179¤§¤å¡A¤jÅé¤W¬OĶ¦Û©v³Ø¤Úªº¡m¤¤½×ÄÀ¡E¥¿²z®ü¡n¡]dBu ma rtsa bahi tshig lehur byas pa ses rab ces bya bahi rnam bsad rigs pahi rgya mtsho ¡^²¨«e¤Þ½×¡E²Ä¤T¤À ¢w Às¾ð½Ñ½×¤§¦w¥ß¡C©v³Ø¤Úªº¤¤Æ[«ä·Q¬OªÃ©Ó¤ëºÙ¦Ó¨Ó¡A¥L¹ï¦¹¤@°ÝÃDªº¨£¸Ñ¡A°ò¥»¤W¤]¬OÀH¶¶¤ëºÙ«e­zªºÆ[ÂI¡C¦Ü©ó¥L¹ïÀs¾ðµÛ§@ªº»{©w¡A¤D¦Ü¹ï¡mÄ_ö¥½×¡nªº®æ¥~­«µø¡A¥i¥H»¡³£¬O©Ó¦Û¤ëºÙ¡C¦b¡m©ú¥y½×¡nªºµ²Æg¡E²Ä¤Q¸Ö¹|¤¤¡A¤ëºÙ©ú¤å«ü¥X¤FÀs¾ðªº¤K³¡µÛ§@¡A¨ä¤å¦p¤U¡J

¡@drstva sutrasamuccayam parikathan ratnavalim samstutir abhyasyaticiram
¡@ca sastra-gaditas tah karika yatnatah¡ý
¡@yukty-akhyam atha sastikam sa vidalam tam sunyatasaptatim ya ca asav
¡@atha vigrahasya racita vyavartani tam api¡ü
¡@mdo sde kun las btus dan gtam bya rin chen phren dan yan dag bstod pa
¡@dan¡ý
¡@hbad pas sin tu yun rin hphags pahi bstan bcos las bstan tshig lehur
¡@byas de dan¡ý
¡@rigs pa drug cu shes bya rnam par hthag bcas ston nid bdun cu pa de
¡@dan¡ý
¡@gan yan rtsod pa rnam par bzlog pa bkod pa de dag kyan ni mthon gyur
¡@shin¡ü
¡@¡@¢w ¤Þ¦Ûde Jong's, "La Madhyamakasastrastuti de Candrakirti", Oriens
¡@¡@¡@ Extremus, Vol.9 (1962), p. 51 & 53.

¡@¡@E. Lamotte®Ú¾Ú¦¹¤@¸Ö¹|©Ò­z¡A»{¬°¤ëºÙ©Ò«üªºÀs¾ð¤K®Ñ¡A¬O¥H¤U¤K³¡¡]°Ñ¨£¤ó¤§Le Traite de la Grande Vertu de Sagesse de Nagarjuna, Tome 3, Louvain 1970, Intro., pp. 43-4¡^¡J

(1) Sutrasamuccaya¡]= mDo sde kun las btus¡^¡A¦¹§Yº~Ķ¡m¤j­¼Ä_­n¸q½×¡n¡]¡u
¡@¡@¤j¥¿ÂávNo.1635¡Aº~Ķ¥¼¸p§@ªÌ¡^¡C
(2) Parikatha Ratnavali = Raja-parikatha-ratnavali¡]= gTam bya rin chen
¡@¡@phren¡^¡A¦¹§Y«e´¦¡]¤»¡^¡C
(3) Samstuti¡]= Yan dag bstod pa¡^= Catuhstava¡JNiraupamyastava¡A
¡@¡@Lokatitastava¡ACittavajrastava¡A Paramarthastava¡A¦¹§Y«e´¦¡]¤Q¡^¡C
(4) Sastragaditah karikah¡]= bsTan bcos las bstan tshig lehur byas¡^=
¡@¡@MadhyamakaSastra¡A¦¹§Y«e´¦¡]¤@¡^¡C
(5) Yuktyakhya sastika¡]= Rigs pa drug cu shes bya¡^= Yuktisastika¡A¦¹§Y«e
¡@¡@´¦¡]¤T¡^¡C
(6) Vidala¡]= rNam par hthag bcas¡^= Vaidalyasutra & Vaidalyaprakarana¡A¦¹
¡@¡@§Y«e´¦¡]¤­¡^¡C
(7) Sunyatasaptati¡]= sTon nid bdun cu pa¡^¡A¦¹§Y«e´¦¡]¤G¡^¡C
(8) Vigrahasya¡K¡Kvyavartani¡]= rTsod pa rnam par bzlog pa¡^=
¡@¡@Vigravyavartani¡A¦¹§Y«e´¦¡]¥|¡^¡C

¡@¡@¦¹¤¤¡A©v³Ø¤Ú±N(1)Âk¬°ÄÀ¸g¡A(3)Âk¬°¹|Æg¡A¦Óµø(2)¤@¦p¨ä¾l½Ñ½×¡A§¡¬°¶}ºt½t°_¥¿¨£¡AÅã¥Ü¬Æ²`ªÅ¸qªº¡u¥¿²z½×¶°¡v¡]Rigs tshogs¡^¡A¦ý¥L¥»¤H¦ü¥G¨Ã¥¼¨Ï¥Î¡u¤»¥¿²z½×¡vªº¦W¥Ø¡C¦b¤ëºÙ©Ò¦CÁ|ªºÀs¾ð¤K®Ñ¤§¤¤¡A°£(1)¤§¥~¡A§¡Àò±o²{¥N¾ÇªÌ¤@­Pªº¦P·N¡C´N¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Î¦Ó¨¥¡A½Ñ¦p¡m¤j´¼«×½×¡n¡B¡m¤Q¤Gªù½×¡n¡B¡m¤Q¦íÏi±C¨F½×¡n¥H¤Î¡mµÐ´£¸ê³½×¡n¡A³o¨Ç¦ý¦sº~Ķ¦Ó¸p¦WÀs¾ð©Ò¼¶ªº½×®Ñ¡A³£´¿µ¹»Pº~¦a¦ò±Ð«ä·Q¤@©wµ{«×ªº¼vÅT¡FµM¦Ó³o¨Ç½×®Ñ¬O§_¥i¥HÂk¬°Às¾ð©Ò³y¡A¦p¤µ«o¬O¦U¤è¾ÇªÌª§½×ªºµJÂI¡C³o¨Ç¯u°°¥¼¸ÔªºµÛ§@¡A¹ï©ó¬ã¨sÀs¾ð«ä·Q¨Ó»¡¡A¦ü¥G¨ÃµL¥ß§Y¯A¤Jªº¥²­n¡A¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì¤]¤£¥´ºâ¦b¦¹¦h°µ¤¶²Ð¡C

¡iÁY»yªí¡j
GOS¡JGaekwad's Oriental Series
IHQ¡JThe Indian Historical Qarterly
JA¡JJournal Asiatique
JAOS¡JJournal of the American Oriental Society
JBORS¡JJournal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society
JBP¡JJournal of Buddhist Philosophy
JDBS¡GBuddhist Studies: The Journal of the Department of Buddhist Studies, University of Delhi
JIABS¡JJournal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
JIES¡JJournal of Indo–European Studies
JIP¡JJournal of Indian Philosophy
JNRC¡JJournal of the Nepal Research Centre
JPTS¡JJournal of the Pali Text Society
JRAS¡JJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society
MCB¡JMelanges Chinois et Bouddhiques
PEW¡JPhilosophy East and West
WZKSO¡JWiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde Sun–und Ostasiens
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